HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. If left untreated, it can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), the final stage of HIV infection, where the body becomes vulnerable to life-threatening infections and certain cancers.
But here’s the good news: HIV is no longer a death sentence.
Thanks to modern medicine, especially antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV can lead long, healthy lives. In fact, research shows that individuals who start ART early — particularly those with high CD4 counts (above 500) — can have a life expectancy comparable to the general population.
What Happens After a Positive HIV Test?
After testing positive, your first appointment with a healthcare provider will include:
- A review of your medical history
- A physical examination
- Lab tests to assess your immune system and overall health
Prompt treatment is key. The earlier you begin HIV treatment, the better your chances of staying healthy.
Is HIV Still a Terminal Illness?
Not anymore — if treated properly. People on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) can live normal lifespans. However, treatment must be taken consistently for life. It’s also important to note that, for a small percentage of people, the therapy may not be fully effective — which is why regular medical monitoring is crucial.
Preventing HIV: What You Should Know
HIV is entirely preventable. Understanding how it spreads — primarily through unprotected sex and sharing of intravenous needles — helps reduce your risk.
If you’re at high risk of infection, consider Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) — a daily pill that reduces the risk of contracting HIV by up to 99%, depending on the type of exposure. It is most effective for vaginal sex, less so for injection drug use (about 60%).
In the United States and many other countries, PrEP is widely available and can be prescribed once you test negative for HIV.
“An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.”
Take control. Get tested. Start treatment early. Protect yourself and others.
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